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preliminary product information this document contains information for a new product. cirrus logic reserves the right to modify this product without notice. 1 copyright ? cirrus logic, inc. 2001 (all rights reserved) p.o. box 17847, austin, texas 78760 (512) 445 7222 fax: (512) 445 7581 http://www.cirrus.com cs5371 / CS5372 low-power high-performance ? modulators features fourth-order ? architecture clock jitter tolerant architecture input voltage range 5 v p-p ( 2.5 v diff ) high dynamic range (snr) 124 db @ 411 hz bandwidth 121 db @ 822 hz bandwidth low total harmonic distortion (thd) -118 db typical, -112 db maximum low power consumption normal mode: 25 mw per channel low power mode: 15 mw per channel small footprint 24 pin ssop package single or multi-channel system support 1 channel system; cs5371 2 channel system; CS5372 3 channel system; cs5371 + CS5372 4 channel system; CS5372 + CS5372 single or dual power supply configurations va+ = +5 v; va- = 0 v; vd = +3 v to +5 v va+ = +2.5 v; va- = -2.5 v; vd = +3 v to +5 v va+ = +3 v; va- = -3 v; vd = +3 v description the cs5371 and CS5372 are one and two channel high dynamic range, fourth-order ?? modulators intended for geophysical and sonar applications. used in combi- nation with the cs5376 digital filter, a unique high resolution a/d measurement system results. the cs5371 and CS5372 provide higher dynamic range and lower total harmonic distortion than our industry standard cs5321 modulator, while consuming signifi- cantly less power per channel. the modulators generate an oversampled serial bit stream at 512 kbits per second when operated from a clock frequency of 2.048 mhz. the cs5371 and CS5372 are available in a small 24-pin ssop package, providing exceptional performance in a very small footprint. in normal mode (lpwr = 0, mclk = 2.048 mhz), power consumption is 25 mw per channel, and in low power mode (lpwr = 1, mclk = 1.024mhz), power consump- tion is 15 mw per channel. each modulator can be independently powered down to 1 mw per channel, and by halting the input clock the modulators enter a mi- cropower state using only 10 w per channel. ordering information cs5371 - bs -40 o c to +85 o c 24-pin ssop CS5372 - bs -40 o c to +85 o c 24-pin ssop ,1) 9$ 7+ 25'(5 ,15 ,15 95() 95() 0'$7$ 06<1& 0&/. 3:'1 9' ?? 02'8/$725 ,1) 3:'1 ,1) 7+ 25'(5 ,15 ,15 ?? 02'8/$725 ,1) 2)67 /3:5 '*1' 0)/$* &/2&. *(1(5$725 0'$7$ 0)/$* 9$ ,1) 9$ 7+ 25'(5 ,15 ,15 95() 95() 06<1& 0&/. 3:'1 9' ?? 02'8/$725 ,1) 2)67 /3:5 '*1' &/2&. *(1(5$725 0'$7$ 0)/$* 9$ cs5371 CS5372 apr ?01 ds255pp2
cs5371/CS5372 2 ds255pp2 table of contents contacting cirrus logic support for a complete listing of direct sales, distributor, and sales representative contacts, visit the cirrus logic web site at: http://www.cirrus.com/corporate/contacts/ preliminary product information describes products which are in production, but for which full characterization data is not yet available. advance product infor- mation describes products which are in development and subject to development changes. cirrus logic, inc. has made best effort s to ensure that the information contained in this document is accurate and reliable. however, the information is subject to change without notice and is provi ded ?as is? without warranty of any kind (express or implied). no responsibility is assumed by cirrus logic, inc. for the use of this information, nor for inf ringements of patents or other rights of third parties. this document is the property of cirrus logic, inc. and implies no license under patents, copyrights, tradem arks, or trade secrets. no part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electron ic, mechanical, photographic, or otherwise) without the prior written consent of cirrus logic, inc. items from any cirrus logic website or disk may be printed for use by the user. however, no part of the printout or electronic files may be copied, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form o r by any means (electronic, mechanical, photographic, or otherwise) without the prior written consent of cirrus logic, inc.furthermore, no part of this publication may be used as a basis for manufacture or sale of any items without the prior written consent of cirrus logic, inc. the names of products of cirrus logic, inc. or ot her vendors and suppliers appearing in this document may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners which may be registered in some jurisdictions. a list of cirrus logic, inc. trade- marks and service marks can be found at http://www.cirrus.com. 1. characteristics/specifications....................................................... 4 analog characteristics .................................................................. 4 5.0 and 3.0 v digital characteristics ........................................... 6 absolute maximum ratings ............................................................. 6 switching characteristics ............................................................ 7 2. general description. ........................................................................... 8 3. modulator performance.................................................................. 10 3.1. full scale signal performance......................................................... 10 3.2. noise performance .......................................................................... 10 4. signal inputs ......................................................................................... 10 4.1. differential inputs - inr+/-, inf+/- ................................................... 10 4.2. anti-alias filters ............................................................................... 11 4.3. input impedance .............................................................................. 11 4.4. maximum signal levels ................................................................... 12 5. input offset ........................................................................................... 12 5.1. offset enable - ofst....................................................................... 12 5.2. offset drift ........................................................................................ 12 6. voltage reference inputs .............................................................. 12 6.1. voltage reference configurations ................................................... 13 6.2. vref input impedance.................................................................... 13 6.3. gain accuracy.................................................................................. 14 6.4. gain drift .......................................................................................... 14 7. digital filter interface .................................................................... 14 7.1. modulator clock - mclk .................................................................. 14 7.2. modulator data - mdata................................................................. 14 7.3. modulator sync - msync ................................................................ 15 7.4. modulator flag - mflag.................................................................. 15 8. power modes ......................................................................................... 15 8.1. normal power mode ........................................................................ 15 8.2. low power mode - lpwr................................................................ 16 8.3. power down mode - pwdn............................................................. 16 8.4. micro power mode ........................................................................... 16 9. power supply ........................................................................................ 16 9.1. power supply configurations........................................................... 16 9.2. power supply bypassing ................................................................. 16 9.3. scr latch-up considerations.......................................................... 16 9.4. dc-dc converter considerations.................................................... 17 9.5. power supply rejection ................................................................... 17 10. pin description - cs5371 ..................................................................... 18 11. pin description - CS5372 ..................................................................... 20 12. package dimensions ............................................................................ 22
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 3 1. characteristics/specifications analog characteristics notes:t a = -40 c to +85 c; va+ = 2.5 v 5%; va- = -2.5 v 5%; vd = 3 v 5%; dgnd = 0 v; mclk = 2.048 mhz; lpwr = 0; vref+/- = 2.5v (vref- = -2.5 v; vref+ = 0 v); devices are connected as shown in figure 3, the system connection diagram, unless otherwise specified. notes: 1. dynamic range defined as 20log( (rms full scale) / (rms idle noise) ) 2. tested with full scale input signal of 31.25 hz; owr = 1000 sps; ofst = 0 or ofst = 1. 3. characterized with input signals of 31.25 hz and 52.63 hz, each 6 db down from full scale, owr = 1000 sps. 4. specification is for the parameter over the specified temperature range and is for the cs5371/CS5372 devices only and does not include the effects of external components. 5. specifications are guaranteed by design and/or characterization. 6. the offset after calibration specification applies to the effective offset voltage for a full scale input to the cs5371/CS5372 modulator, but is measured from the output digital codes from the cs5376. 7. the cs5371/CS5372 offset calibration is performed digitally and includes full scale range. calibration offsets greater than 5% of full scale will begin to subtract from the dynamic range. parameter symbol cs5371-bs / CS5372-bs unit min typ max specified temperature range t a -40 - +85 c dynamic performance dynamic range (note 1) ofst = 1 0 hz to 1644 hz 0 hz to 822 hz 0 hz to 411 hz 0 hz to 206 hz 0 hz to 103 hz 0 hz to 51.5 hz 0 hz to 25.75 hz snr - - 121 - - - - 109 121 124 127 130 133 136 - - - - - - - db db db db db db db total harmonic distortion (note 2) thd - -118 -112 db intermodulation distortion (note 3) imd - -115 - db dc accuracy channel to channel gain variation cgv - 1 - % full scale error (note 4) fse - 1 - % full scale drift (notes 4 and 5) tc fs - 5 - ppm/ c offset (notes 4) v zse -1-mv offset after calibration (note 6) - 1 - v offset calibration range (note 7) - 100 - %f.s. offset drift (notes 4 and 5) tc zse -1-v/ c
cs5371/CS5372 4 ds255pp2 analog characteristics (continued) notes: 8. the upper bandwidth limit is determined by the cs5376 digital filter. a simple single pole anti-alias filter with a -3 db frequency at (mclk / 256) should be placed in front of each channel. 9. the input voltage range is for the configuration depicted in figure 3, the system connection diagram, and applies to signal frequencies from dc to the stop-band frequency selected in the cs5376. 10. per channel. all outputs unloaded. all digital inputs forced to vd or gnd respectively. 11. in low power mode lpwr = 1, the master clock mclk is reduced to 1.024 mhz. this reduces the signal bandwidth by a factor of 2. 12. tested with a 100 mvp-p sine wave applied separately to each supply. parameter symbol min typ max unit specified temperature range t a -40 - +85 c input characteristics input signal frequencies (note 8) bw dc - 1644 hz input voltage range (note 9) vin - - 5 v p-p input over-range voltage tolerance (note 9) i ovr 5- -%f.s. input signal plus common mode va- - va+ v common mode rejection ratio cmrr - 90 - db channel crosstalk, CS5372 only cxt - -120 - db voltage reference input vref (vref+) - (vref-) - 2.5 - v vref current - - 120 a power supplies dc power supply currents (note 10 and 11) lpwr = 0; mclk = 2.048 mhz analog digital lpwr = 1; mclk = 1.024 mhz analog digital va vd va vd - - - - 5.0 0.1 3.0 0.1 7.0 0.2 4.5 0.2 ma ma ma ma power down cs5371 pwdn = 1 pwdn = 1, mclk = 0 CS5372 pwdn1 or pwdn2 = 1 pwdn1 = pwdn2 = 1 pwdn1 = pwdn2 = 1; mclk = 0 p d - - - - - 1 10 25 1 10 - - - - - mw w mw mw w power supply rejection dc - 128 khz (note 12) psrr - 90 - db
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 5 5.0 and 3.0 v digital characteristics notes:t a = 25 c; va+, vd = 5 v 5% or 3 v 5%; agnd, dgnd = 0 v; all voltages with respect to dgnd. absolute maximum ratings notes:dgnd = 0 v notes: 13. va+ and va- must satisfy {(va+) - (va-)} < +6.6 v. 14. vd and va- must satisfy {(vd) - (va-)} < +7.6 v. 15. includes continuous over-voltage conditions at the analog input (ain) pins. 16. transient current of up to 100 ma can be safely tolerated without scr latch-up. 17. total power dissipation, including all input and output currents. parameter symbol min typ max unit high-level input voltage v ih 0.6 * vd - vd v low-level input voltage v il 0.0 - 0.8 v high-level output voltage i out = -5.0 ma v oh (vd) - 1.0 - - v low-level output voltage i out = 5.0 ma v ol --0.4v input leakage current i in -110a 3-state leakage current i oz --10a digital output pin capacitance c out -9-pf parameter symbol min typ max unit dc power supplies (note 13 and 14) positive digital positive analog negative analog vd va+ va- -0.3 -0.3 +0.3 - - - +6.0 +6.0 -3.3 v v v input current, any pin except supplies (note 15 and 16) i in --10ma input current, supplies (note 16) i in --50ma output current i out --25ma power dissipation (note 17) pdn - - 500 mw analog input voltage all analog pins v ina - 0.3 - (va+) + 0.3 v digital input voltage all digital pins v ind -0.3 - (vd) + 0.3 v ambient operating temperature t a -40 - 85 c storage temperature t stg -65 - 150 c
cs5371/CS5372 6 ds255pp2 switching characteristics notes:t a = -40 c to +85 c; va+ = +2.5 v 5% va- = -2.5 v 5%; vd = 3 v 5%; inputs: logic 0 = 0 v, logic 1 = vd; c l = 50 pf notes: 18. if mclk is removed, the CS5372 enters a micro power state. 19. excludes mclk input, mclk should be driven with a signal having rise/fall times of 25 ns or faster. 20. msync latched on mclk falling edge, data output on next mclk rising edge. parameter symbol min typ max unit mclk frequency (note 18) f c 0.1 2.048 2.2 mhz mclk duty cycle 40 - 60 % mclk jitter (in-band, aliased in-band) - - 300 ps mclk jitter (out-of-band) - - 1 ns rise times: any digital input (note 19) any digital output t risein t riseout - - - 50 50 100 ns ns fall times: any digital input (note 19) any digital output t fallin t fallout - - - 50 50 100 ns ns msync setup time to mclk falling (note 20) t mss 20 - - ns msync hold time after mclk falling t msh 20 - - ns mclk rising to valid mflag t mfh -3565ns mclk rising to valid mdata t mdv -6090ns 2.7 v 0.3 v t fallin t risein 2.7 v 0.3 v t riseout t fallout figure 1. rise and fall times mflag mdata t mdv t mdv valid data valid data mclk t mss msync t mfh t msh figure 2. CS5372 interface timing
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 7 2. general description . the cs5371 and CS5372 are one and two channel fourth-order ?? modulators, optimized for ex- tremely high resolution measurement of signals be- tween dc and 1644 hz. they are designed to be used with the cs5376 low power multi-channel decimation filter. figure 3 on page 8 shows a four- channel system connection diagram for two CS5372 and one cs5376. high performance the cs5371/CS5372 modulators have exceptional performance characteristics. modulator dynamic range (snr) is 124 db over a 411 hz bandwidth, with total harmonic distortion (thd) of -118 db. low power consumption the cs5371/CS5372 modulators have very low power consumption. power consumption is only 25 mw per channel in normal mode (lpwr=0, mclk=2.048 mhz), and 15 mw per channel in low power mode (lpwr=1, mclk=1.024 mhz). an independently selectable power-down mode (pwdn=1) can be used to disable a modulator and reduces its power consumption to 1 mw. if mclk is then halted (mclk=0), the modulator enters a micropower state using only 10 w per channel. small package size the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are available in a very small 24-pin ssop package approximately 8 mm x 8 mm in size. the CS5372 has two modu- lator channels per package to increase board layout density even further. multi-channel system support combining the cs5371 and CS5372 modulators with the cs5376 digital filter permits multiple channel system configurations to be supported. 1 channel - cs5371, cs5376 2 channel - CS5372, cs5376 3 channel - cs5371, CS5372, cs5376 4 channel - CS5372, CS5372, cs5376 differential analog signal inputs the cs5371/CS5372 modulators have differential analog inputs capable of measuring signals up to 5.0 v peak-to-peak (2.5 v fully differential) when using a 2.5 v voltage reference. the inputs will tolerate a 5% over-range voltage and continue op- erating at full specification. digital filter interface the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are designed to operate with the cs5376 digital filter. the cs5376 generates the modulator clock and synchronization signal inputs (mclk and msync), while receiv- ing the modulator data and over-range flag outputs (mdata and mflag). the modulators produce an oversampled ?? serial bit stream at 512 kbits per second when operated from a 2.048 mhz mod- ulator clock. multiple power supply configurations the cs5371/CS5372 modulators support multiple power supply configurations. they can run from single or dual supplies in the following configura- tions: va+ = +5v; va- = 0v; vd = +3v to +5v va+ = +2.5v; va- = -2.5v; vd = +3v to +5v va+ = +3v; va- = -3v; vd = +3v
cs5371/CS5372 8 ds255pp2 cs5376 msync msync mflag1 m f lag1 mclk mclk mdata1 mdata1 mflag2 mflag2 mdata2 mdata2 0.01 f 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 0.01 f inri+ infi+ infi- inri- inr2+ inf2+ inf2- inr2- inri+ infi+ infi- inri- inr2+ inf2+ inf2- inr2- ~ mflag3 mflag1 mdata3 mdata1 mflag4 mflag2 mdata4 mdata2 ofst lpwr pwdn1 channel 1 gpio5 gpio6 gpio7 CS5372 CS5372 msync mclk ofst lpwr pwdn1 va- dgnd -3 v +3 v +3 v va+ vd+ vref +3 v -3 v vref+ vref- vref- vref+ va+ vd+ va- dgnd pwdn2 gpio4 pwdn2 x7r cog 0.01f 100 f 220 ? 0.01 f 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 0.01 f ~ channel 2 cog x7r 0.01 f 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 0.01 f ~ channel 3 cog x7r 0.01 f 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 1k ? 0.01 f ~ channel 4 cog x7r 100 f 0.01 f 100 f 0.01 f 100 f 0.01 f figure 3. system connection diagram
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 9 3. modulator performance figures 4 and 5 illustrate the spectral performance of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators when com- bined with the cs5376 digital filter. the plots were created from ten averaged 1024 point ffts. 3.1. full scale signal performance figure 4 illustrates the full-scale signal perfor- mance of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators and cs5376 digital filter using a 31.25 hz input signal and a 1000 sps output word rate. the outstanding full-scale signal characteristics of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are shown, with no harmonic components exceeding -120 db. analy- sis of this data set yields a signal-to-noise ratio (snr) of 124.0 db and a signal-to-distortion ratio (sdr) of 119.0 db. note that the full-scale signal peak in figure 4 shows a slightly reduced ampli- tude due to spectral smearing associated with the fft windowing function, and is a purely digital phenomenon. 3.2. noise performance figure 5 illustrates the noise performance of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators and cs5376 digital filter using a 31.25 hz -24 db input signal and a 1000 sps output word rate. the outstanding noise characteristics of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are shown, with the averaged noise components consistently below the -150 db level. analysis of this data set yields a dynamic range of 124.7 db. note that the 0.7 db variation between the signal- to-noise calculation in figure 4 and the dynamic range calculation in figure 5 is not modulator de- pendent and results from jitter in the test signal generator when producing a full scale output, as ev- idenced by the skirt surrounding the signal peak be- low the -140 db level in figure 4. 4. signal inputs the cs5371/CS5372 modulators use a switched capacitor architecture for the analog signal inputs, which has increased jitter tolerance relative to con- tinuous time signal input stages. 4.1. differential inputs - inr+/-, inf+/- the analog signal inputs are differential and use four pins: inr+, inr-, inf+, and inf-. the posi- tive inputs, inr+ and inf+, are connected to the positive half of the differential signal, while the negative inputs, inr- and inf-, are connected to figure 4. 1024 point fft plot with a 31.25 hz input at full scale, ten averages -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 db hz s/n = 124.0 db s/d = 119.0 db -200 -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 db hz dynamic range = 124.7 db figure 5. 1024 point fft plot with a 31.25 hz input at -24 db, ten averages
cs5371/CS5372 10 ds255pp2 the negative half. the inr+ and inr- pins are switched capacitor ?rough charge? inputs for the inf+ and inf- fine input pins. the full scale analog signal span is defined by the voltage applied across the vref+ and vref- pins. a 2.5 volt reference input sets full scale sig- nals as 5 volts peak-to-peak, or 2.5 volts fully dif- ferential. differential inputs increase the dynamic range of small signals, reducing the gain require- ments for input amplifier stages by a factor of two relative to single ended analog inputs. 4.2. anti-alias filters the cs5371/CS5372 modulator inputs must be bandwidth limited to ensure modulator loop stabil- ity and to prevent aliased high-frequency signals. the modulators are 4th order and so are condition- ally stable, and can be adversely affected by high amplitude out-of-band signals. also, aliasing ef- fects degrade modulator performance if the analog inputs are not bandwidth limited since out-of-band signals can appear in the measurement bandwidth. the use of a simple single pole low-pass anti-alias filter on the differential inputs ensures out-of-band signals are eliminated. anti-alias filtering may be accomplished actively in an amplifier stage ahead of the cs5371/CS5372 modulator, or passively using an rc filter across the differential rough and fine analog inputs. an rc filter is recommended, even when using an am- plifier stage, as it minimizes the ?charge kick? that the driving amplifier sees as switched capacitor sampling is performed. the -3 db corner of the input anti-alias filter should be set to the internal modulator sampling clock di- vided by 64. the modulator sampling clock is a di- vision by 4 of the modulator clock, mclk. with mclk=2.048 mhz the modulator sampling clock is 512 khz, requiring an input filter with a -3 db corner at 8 khz. mclk frequency = 2.048 mhz sampling frequency = mclk / 4 = 512 khz -3 db filter corner = sample freq / 64 = 8 khz rc filter = 8 khz = 1 / [ 2 * (2 * r diff ) * c diff ] it should be noted that when using low power mode (lpwr=1 and mclk=1.024 mhz) the modulator sampling clock is 256 khz, so the -3 db filter cor- ner should be scaled down to 4 khz. mclk frequency = 1.024 mhz sampling frequency = mclk / 4 = 256 khz -3 db filter corner = sample freq / 64 = 4 khz rc filter = 4 khz = 1 / [ 2 * (2 * r diff ) * c diff ] figure 3 illustrates the CS5372/cs5376 system connections with input anti-alias filter components. filter components on the rough and fine pins should be identical values for optimum perfor- mance, with the capacitor values a minimum of 0.01 f. the rough input can use either x7r or c0g capacitors, while the fine input requires c0g type capacitors for optimal linearity. using x7r capacitors on the fine inputs will degrade signal to distortion performance up to 8 db. 4.3. input impedance due to the dynamic switched-capacitor input archi- tecture the input current required from the analog signal source, and thus the input impedance of the analog input pins, changes any time mclk is changed. the input impedance of the rough charge inputs, inr+ and inr-, is [1 / (f * c)] where f is the modulator clock frequency, mclk, and c is the in- ternal sampling capacitor. a 2.048 mhz modula- tor clock yields a rough input impedance of approximately [1 / (2.048 mhz)*(20 pf)], or about 24 kohms. internal to the modulator the rough charge inputs pre-charge the sampling capacitor used by the fine inputs, therefore the effective input impedance of the fine inputs is orders of magnitude above the im- pedance of the rough inputs.
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 11 4.4. maximum signal levels the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are 4th order and are therefore conditionally stable, and may go into an oscillatory condition if the analog inputs over- range beyond full scale by more than 5%. if an un- stable condition is detected, the modulators col- lapse to a 1st order system until loop stability is achieved. during this time, the mflag pin tran- sitions from low to high signaling the cs5376 dig- ital filter to set an error bit in the digital output word. the analog input signal must be reduced to within the full scale range of the converter for at least 32 mclk cycles for the modulators to recov- er from an unstable condition. 5. input offset the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are ?? type and so can produce ? idle tones ? in the passband when the input signal is a steady state dc signal within about 50 mv of the common mode input voltage. idle tones result from patterns in the output bit- stream and appear in the measurement spectrum about -135 db down from full scale. idle tones can be eliminated by adding 100 mv or more of differential dc offset to the modulator in- puts. the added offset should be applied differen- tially to the inputs, common mode offsets do not affect idle tones. 5.1. offset enable - ofst if the analog inputs are within 50 mv of the com- mon mode voltage when no signal is present, the ofst pin can be used to eliminate idle tones. when ofst=1, +100 mv of differential offset is added to the modulator analog inputs to push the idle tones out of the measurement bandwidth. care should be taken that when ofst is active, offset voltages generated by external circuitry do not ne- gate the internally added offset. 5.2. offset drift offset drift characteristics vary from part to part and with changes in the power supply voltages. if the cs5371/CS5372 is used in precision dc mea- surement applications where offset drift is to be minimized, the power supplies should be well reg- ulated. for the lowest offset drift, the cs5371/CS5372 modulators should operate with an mclk of 2.048 mhz. the offset drift rate is inversely pro- portional to clock frequency, with slower modula- tor clock rates exhibiting more offset drift. operating from an mclk of 1.024 mhz results in twice the offset drift rate compared to an mclk of 2.048 mhz. because offset drift is not linear with temperature, an exact drift rate per c cannot be specified. the cs5371/CS5372 modulators will exhibit approxi- mately 5 ppm/ c of offset drift operating with an mclk of 2.048 mhz. 6. voltage reference inputs the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are designed to operate with a 2.5 v voltage reference applied across the vref+ and vref- pins to set the full scale signal range of the analog inputs. a 2.5 v voltage reference results in the highest dynamic range and best signal-to-noise performance, though smaller reference voltages may be used. when the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are operated with a 2.5 v reference, the analog inputs measure full scale signals of 5 volts peak-to-peak, or 2.5 volts differential. in a single supply power configuration the voltage reference output should be connected to the vref+ pin with the vref- pin connected to ground. in a dual supply power configuration the voltage reference should be powered from the va+ and va- supplies, with the modulator vref+ pin connected to the voltage reference output and the
cs5371/CS5372 12 ds255pp2 vref- pin connected to va-. because most 2.5 v voltage references require a power supply voltage greater than 3 v to operate, when powering the voltage reference from dual 2.5 v or 3.0 v sup- plies the reference voltage into the vref+ pin is defined relative to the va- supply. the selected voltage reference should produce less than 1 vrms of noise in the measurement band- width on the vref+ pin. the cs5376 digital filter output word rate selection determines the band- width over which voltage reference noise affects the cs5371/CS5372 modulator dynamic range. 6.1. voltage reference configurations for a 2.5 v reference, the linear technology lt1019-2.5 voltage reference yields low enough noise if the output is filtered with a low pass rc fil- ter as shown in figure 6. the filtered version in figure 6 is acceptable for most spectral measure- ment applications, but a buffered version with low- er source impedance, figure 7, may be preferred for dc measurement applications. the configura- tion shown in figure 7 can use a linear technolo- gy lt1077 or similar low voltage op-amp to buffer the voltage reference output. 6.2. vref input impedance due to the dynamic switched-capacitor input archi- tecture the input current required from the voltage reference, and thus the input impedance of the modulator vref+ pin, will change any time mclk is changed. the input impedance of the voltage reference input is calculated similar to the analog signal input impedance as [1 / (f * c)] where f is the modulator clock frequency, mclk, 200 ? to vref+ option a to vref - 0.1 f 68 f + +3 v 2.5 ref 0.1 f 10 f -3 v 0.1 f 10 f figure 6. 2.5 voltage reference option a + - 49.9 ? 1k ? 100 ? 1k ? 10k ? 100 f al + + to vref+ option b al opamp to vref - 0.1 f 68 f tant + 100 f +3 v 2.5 ref 0.1 f 10 u -3 v 0.1 f 10 u figure 7. 2.5 voltage reference option b
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 13 and c is the internal sampling capacitor. a 2.048 mhz mclk yields a voltage reference input impedance of approximately [1 / (2.048 mhz)*(20 pf)], or about 24 kohms. 6.3. gain accuracy gain accuracy of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators is affected by variation of the voltage reference in- put. a change in the voltage reference input im- pedance due to a change in mclk could affect gain accuracy when using the higher source imped- ance configuration of figure 6. the vref+ pin in- put impedance and the external low-pass filter resistor create a resistive voltage divider for the output reference voltage, reducing the effective voltage reference input. if gain error is to be mini- mized, especially when mclk is to be changed, the voltage reference should have a low output im- pedance to minimize the effect of the resistive volt- age divider. the buffered voltage reference configuration of figure 7 offers lower output im- pedance and more stable gain characteristics. 6.4. gain drift gain drift of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators due to temperature is around 5 ppm/ c, and does not in- clude the temperature drift characteristics of the ex- ternal voltage reference. gain drift is not affected by the modulator sample rate or by power supply variations. 7. digital filter interface the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are designed to operate with the cs5376 digital filter. the cs5376 generates the modulator clock and synchronization signal inputs (mclk and msync), while receiv- ing the modulator data and over-range flag outputs (mdata and mflag). the modulators produce an oversampled ?? serial bit stream at 512 kbits per second when operated from a 2.048 mhz mod- ulator clock. 7.1. modulator clock - mclk for proper operation, the cs5371/CS5372 modula- tors must be provided with a cmos compatible clock on the mclk pin. mclk is internally divid- ed by four to generate the modulator sampling clock. mclk must have less than 300 ps of in- band jitter to maintain full performance specifica- tions. when used with the cs5376 digital filter, mclk is automatically generated and is typically 2.048 mhz or 1.024 mhz. mclk can be generat- ed by other means, using a crystal oscillator for ex- ample, and can run any rate between 100 khz and 2.2 mhz. if mclk is disabled, the modulators are placed into a micro-power state. they are equipped with loss of clock detection circuitry to force power down if mclk is removed. the choice of mclk frequency affects the perfor- mance of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators. they exhibit the best dynamic range (snr) performance with faster mclk rates because of increased over- sampling of the analog input signal. the modula- tors exhibit the best total harmonic distortion (thd) performance with slower mclk rates be- cause slower sampling allows more time to settle the analog input signal. 7.2. modulator data - mdata the cs5371/CS5372 modulators output a ?? se- rial bitstream to the mdata pin, with a one ? s den- sity proportional to the amplitude of the analog input signal and a bit rate determined by the modu- lator sampling clock. the modulator sampling clock is a divide by four of mclk, so for a 2.048 mhz mclk the modulator sampling clock and mdata output bit rate will be 512 khz. the mdata output has a one ? s density defined as nominal 50% for no signal input, 86% for positive full scale, and 14% for negative full scale. it has a maximum positive over-range capability to 93% and a maximum negative over-range capability to
cs5371/CS5372 14 ds255pp2 7%. the one ? s density of the mdata output is de- fined as the ratio of ? 1 ? bits to total bits in the serial bitstream output, i.e. an 86% one ? s density has, on average, a ? 1 ? value in 86 of every 100 output data bits. when operated with the cs5376 digital filter, the full scale 24-bit output codes range from 0x5fffff (decimal 6,291,455) to 0xa00001 (dec- imal -6,291,455). note that for a full scale input signal, 5 v p-p (2.5 v diff ) with vref=2.5 v, the cs5371/CS5372 and cs5376 chip set does not output a maximum 24-bit 2 ? s complement digital code of 0x7fffff (digital 8,388,607), but instead a lower scaled value to allow over-range capability. the cs5376 con- verts to full performance specification up to a pos- itive over-range value of 0x64cccc (decimal 6,606,028) and down to a negative over-range val- ue of 0x9b3334 (decimal -6,606,028). 7.3. modulator sync - msync to synchronize the analog sampling instant and timing of the digital output bitstream, the cs5371/CS5372 modulators use an msync sig- nal. when using the cs5376 digital filter, msync is automatically generated from a sync signal in- put from the external system. the msync input is rising edge triggered and re- sets the internal mclk counter-divider so the ana- log sampling instant occurs during a consistent mclk phase. it also sets the mdata output tim- ing so the bitstream can be properly sampled by the cs5376 digital filter input. 7.4. modulator flag - mflag the cs5371/CS5372 modulators are 4th order ?? and are therefore conditionally stable. the mod- ulators may go into an oscillatory condition if the analog inputs are over-ranged more than 5% past either positive or negative full scale. if an unstable condition is detected, the modulators collapse to a 1st order system until loop stability is achieved. during this time, the mflag pin tran- sitions from low to high to signal an error condi- tion. the analog input signal must be reduced to within the full scale range for at least 32 mclk cy- cles for the modulator to recover from an unstable condition. the mflag output connects to a dedicated input on the cs5376 digital filter, causing an error bit to be set in the status portion of the digital output data word when detected. 8. power modes four power modes are available when using the cs5371/CS5372 modulators. normal power and low power modes are operational modes, power down and micro power modes are non-operational standby modes. 8.1. normal power mode the normal operational mode for the modulators, lpwr=0 and mclk=2.048 mhz, provides the best performance with power consumption of 25 mw per channel. this power mode is recom- mended when maximum conversion accuracy is re- quired. table 1. output coding for the cs5371/CS5372 and cs5376 combination modulator input signal cs5376 filter output code hex decimal > + (vref + 5%) error flag possible + (vref + 5%) 64cccc +6606028 +vref 5fffff +6291455 0v 000000 0 -vref a00001 -6291455 - (vref + 5%) 9b3334 -6606028 > - (vref + 5%) error flag possible
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 15 8.2. low power mode - lpwr the modulators have a low-power operational mode, lpwr=1 and mclk=1.024 mhz, that re- duces power consumption to 15 mw per channel at the expense of 3 db of dynamic range. this oper- ational mode is recommended when minimizing power is more important than maximizing dynamic range. when operated with lpwr=1, the modulator sam- pling clock (mclk / 4) must be restricted to rates of 256 khz or less, which requires mclk to run at 1.024 mhz or less. operating in low power mode with modulator sample rates greater than 256 khz will significantly degrade total harmonic distortion performance. 8.3. power down mode - pwdn the modulators have a power down mode, pwdn=1 and mclk=active, that disables the op- eration of the selected modulator channel and re- duces its power consumption to 1 mw. each modulator has an independent power down pin, pwdn on the cs5371 and pwdn1, pwdn2 on the CS5372. note that when the modulators are powered down and mclk is active, the internal clock generator is still drawing minimal currents. 8.4. micro power mode standby power consumption of the modulators can be minimized by placing them into a micro power mode, pwdn=1 and mclk=0. micro power mode requires setting the pwdn pin and halting mclk to remove the clock generator input current. micro power mode consumes only 10 w of pow- er. 9. power supply the cs5371/CS5372 modulators have one positive analog power supply pin, va+, one negative ana- log power supply pin, va-, one digital power sup- ply pin, vd, and one digital ground pin, dgnd. the analog and digital circuitry is separated inter- nally to enhance performance, therefore power must be supplied to all three supply pins and the digital ground pin must be referenced to system ground. 9.1. power supply configurations the cs5371/CS5372 analog supplies can be pow- ered by a single +5 v supply and analog ground, or by dual supplies of + 2.5 v or + 3.0 v. when using dual supplies, the positive and negative analog power supplies must be equivalent in voltage but opposite in polarity and must satisfy the following conditions: (va+) - (va-) < 6.6 volts (vd) - (va-) < 7.6 volts these conditions permit several power supply con- figurations. va+ = +5 v;va- = 0 v;vd+ = +3 v to +5 v va+ = +2.5 v;va- = -2.5 v;vd+ = +3 v to +5 v va+ = +3 v;va- = -3 v;vd+ = +3 v when used with the cs5376 digital filter the max- imum voltage differential between the modulator digital supply, vd, and the cs5376 digital supply, vdd2, must be less than 0.3 v. 9.2. power supply bypassing the analog and digital supply pins, va+, va-, and vd, should be decoupled to system ground with 0.01 f and 10 f capacitors, or with a single 0.1 f capacitor. bypass capacitors can be x7r, tantalum, or any other dielectric types. 9.3. scr latch-up considerations the va- pin is tied to the cs5371/CS5372 sub- strate and should always be connected to the most negative supply voltage to ensure scr latch-up does not occur. in general, latch-up may occur when any pin voltage is 0.7 v or more below va-.
cs5371/CS5372 16 ds255pp2 when using dual power supplies, it is recommend- ed to connect the va- analog supply pin to system ground using a reversed biased schottky diode. this configuration clamps the va- pin a maximum of 0.3 v above ground to ensure scr latch-up does not occur during power up. if the va+ supply ramps before the va- supply, the va- pin can be pulled above ground through the cs5371/CS5372. if the va- supply pin is unintentionally pulled 0.7 v above the dgnd pin, scr latch-up can oc- cur. 9.4. dc-dc converter considerations many measurement systems are battery powered and utilize dc-dc converters to generate the nec- essary supply voltages for the system. to mini- mize the effects of interference, it is desirable to operate the dc-dc converter at a frequency which is rejected by the digital filter, or else synchronous- ly to the modulator sample clock rate. a synchro- nous dc-dc converter whose operating frequency is derived from mclk minimizes the potential for ? beat frequencies ? appearing in the measurement band. 9.5. power supply rejection power supply rejection of the cs5371/CS5372 modulators is frequency dependent. the cs5376 digital filter rejects power supply noise for frequen- cies above the filter corner frequency. for frequen- cies between dc and the digital filter corner frequency, power supply rejection is nearly con- stant at 90 db.
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 17 10. pin description - cs5371 power supplies va + _ positive analog power supply, pin 8 positive supply voltage. va - _ negative analog power supply, pin 7 negative supply voltage. vd _ positive digital power supply, pin 13, 18 positive supply voltage. dgnd _ digital ground, pin 17 analog inputs inr+ _ rough non-inverting input, pin 1 rough non-inverting analog input. the rough input settles non-linear currents to improve linearity on the fine input and reduce harmonic distortion. inr- _ rough inverting input, pin 4 rough inverting analog input. the rough input settles non-linear currents to improve linearity on the fine input and reduce harmonic distortion. inf+ _ fine non-inverting input, pin 2 fine non-inverting analog input. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 817 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 rough non-inverting input inr+ fine non-inverting input inf+ fine inverting input inf- rough inverting input inr- positive voltage reference input vref+ negative voltage reference input vref- negative analog power supply va- positive analog power supply va+ no internal connection nc no internal connection nc no internal connection nc no internal connection nc pwdn power-down enable lpwr low power mode select mflag modulator flag output mdata modulator data output msync modulator sync input mclk modulator clock input vd positive digital power supply dgnd digital ground nc no internal connection nc no internal connection ofst offset mode select vd positive digital power supply
cs5371/CS5372 18 ds255pp2 inf- _ fine inverting input, pin 3 fine inverting analog input. vref+ _ positive voltage reference input, pin 5 input for an external +2.5 v voltage reference relative to vref-. vref- _ negative voltage reference input, pin 6 this pin must be tied to va-. digital inputs mclk _ modulator clock input, pin 19 a cmos compatible clock input for the modulator internal master clock, nominally 2.048 mhz with an amplitude equal to the vd digital power supply. msync _ modulator sync input, pin 20 a low to high transition resets the internal clock phasing of the modulator. this assures the sampling instant and modulator data output are synchronous to the external system. ofst _ offset mode select, pin 14 when high, adds approximately +100mv of offset to the analog inputs to guarantee any zero input ?? idle tones are removed. when low, no offset is added. lpwr _ low power mode select, pin 23 when set high with mclk operating at 1.024 mhz, modulator power dissipation is reduced to 15 mw per channel. pwdn _ power-down mode, pin 24 when high, the modulator is in power down mode and consumes 1mw. halting mclk while in power down mode reduces modulator power dissipation to 10 w . digital outputs mdata _ modulator data output, pin 21 modulator data is output as a 1-bit serial data stream at a 512 khz rate with an mclk input of 2.048 mhz. modulator data is output at a 256 khz rate with an mclk input of 1.024 mhz. mflag _ modulator flag output, pin 22 a high level output indicates the modulator is unstable due to an over-range on the analog inputs.
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 19 11. pin description - CS5372 power supplies va + _ positive analog power supply, pin 8 positive supply voltage. va - _ negative analog power supply, pin 7 negative supply voltage. vd _ positive digital power supply, pin 18 positive supply voltage. dgnd _ digital ground, pin 17 analog inputs inr1+, inr2+ _ channel 1 & 2 rough non-inverting inputs, pin 1, 12 rough non-inverting analog inputs. the rough inputs settle non-linear currents to improve linearity on the fine inputs and reduce harmonic distortion. inr1-, inr2- _ channel 1 & 2 rough inverting inputs, pin 4, 9 rough inverting analog inputs. the rough inputs settle non-linear currents to improve linearity on the fine inputs and reduce harmonic distortion. inf1+, inf2+ _ channel 1 & 2 fine non-inverting input, pin 2, 11 fine non-inverting analog inputs. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 817 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ch. 1 rough non-inverting input inr1+ ch. 1 fine non-inverting input inf1+ ch. 1 fine inverting input inf1- ch. 1 rough inverting input inr1- positive voltage reference input vref+ negative voltage reference input vref- negative analog power supply va- positive analog power supply va+ ch. 2 rough inverting input inr2- ch. 2 fine inverting input inf2- ch. 2 fine non-inverting input inf2+ ch. 2 rough non-inverting input inr2+ pwdn1 ch. 1 power-down enable lpwr low power mode select mflag1 ch. 1 modulator flag output mdata1 ch. 1 modulator data output msync modulator sync input mclk modulator clock input vd positive digital power supply dgnd digital ground mdata2 ch. 2 modulator data output mflag2 ch. 2 modulator flag output ofst offset mode select pwdn2 ch. 2 power-down enable
cs5371/CS5372 20 ds255pp2 inf1-, inf2- _ channel 1 & 2 fine inverting input, pin 3, 10 fine inverting analog inputs. vref+ _ positive voltage reference input, pin 5 input for an external +2.5v voltage reference relative to vref-. vref- _ negative voltage reference input, pin 6 this pin must be tied to va-. digital inputs mclk _ modulator clock input, pin 19 a cmos compatible clock input for the modulator internal master clock, nominally 2.048 mhz with an amplitude equal to the vd digital power supply. msync _ modulator sync input, pin 20 a low to high transition resets the internal clock phasing of the modulator. this assures the sampling instant and modulator data output are synchronous to the external system. ofst _ offset mode select, pin 14 when high, adds approximately +100mv of offset to the analog inputs to guarantee any zero input ?? idle tones are removed. when low, no offset is added. lpwr _ low power mode select, pin 23 when set high with mclk operating at 1.024 mhz, modulator power dissipation is reduced to 15 mw per channel. pwdn1, pwdn2 _ channel 1 & 2 power-down mode, pin 24, 13 when high, the modulator is in power down mode and consumes 1mw. halting mclk while in power down mode reduces modulator power dissipation to 10 w . digital outputs mdata1, mdata2 _ modulator data output, pin 21, 16 modulator data is output as a 1-bit serial data stream at a 512 khz rate with an mclk input of 2.048 mhz. modulator data is output at a 256 khz rate with an mclk input of 1.024 mhz. mflag1, mflag2 _ modulator flag, pin 22, 15 a high level output indicates the modulator is unstable due to an over-range on the analog inputs.
cs5371/CS5372 ds255pp2 21 12. package dimensions notes: 1. ? d ? and ? e1 ? are reference datums and do not included mold flash or protrusions, but do include mold mismatch and are measured at the parting line, mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.20 mm per side. 2. dimension ? b ? does not include dambar protrusion/intrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.13 mm total in excess of ? b ? dimension at maximum material condition. dambar intrusion shall not reduce dimension ? b ? by more than 0.07 mm at least material condition. 3. these dimensions apply to the flat section of the lead between 0.10 and 0.25 mm from lead tips. inches millimeters note dim min max min max a -- 0.084 -- 2.13 a1 0.002 0.010 0.05 0.25 a2 0.064 0.074 1.62 1.88 b 0.009 0.015 0.22 0.38 2,3 d 0.311 0.335 7.90 8.50 1 e 0.291 0.323 7.40 8.20 e1 0.197 0.220 5.00 5.60 1 e 0.024 0.027 0.61 0.69 l 0.025 0.040 0.63 1.03 0 8 0 8 24 pin ssop package drawing e n 1 23 e b 2 a1 a2 a d seating plane e1 1 l side view end view top view

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